The surge in the cost of your cup of coffee is due to droughts and wildfires in top coffee-producing countries
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Most agricultural commodities are experiencing price drops compared to last year, including staples like wheat, corn, barley, and canola. Even cocoa, which hit a historical high less than a year ago, has seen a decrease.
However, coffee prices remain an outlier, with arabica coffee hitting a 13-year high. A pound of arabica coffee now costs US$2.70, reflecting an increase of over 80 percent since September of last year. This surge is largely due to severe droughts and wildfires in Brazil and Vietnam, the world’s top coffee producers, which, together, account for around half of the global coffee bean production.
Historically, companies like Tim Hortons raised prices during coffee price surges, as they did in 2011 when coffee prices spiked. However, it’s important to note that the cost of coffee beans typically comprises a small portion – between five to 10 percent – of the total price of a cup of coffee at large chains. The bulk of the price of your cup of coffee goes toward covering labour, rent, utilities, and other operational costs. As such, while we can expect some price adjustments, drastic increases are unlikely in the short term.
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The fluctuation in coffee prices over time is primarily driven by climatic factors. Arabica coffee requires specific growing conditions, and the regions suitable for its cultivation are shrinking due to climate change. Meanwhile, global demand continues to grow, especially in emerging markets like China and India, where coffee consumption is rising despite their traditional preference for tea.
Canada, too, is a significant coffee-consuming nation, ranking 11th globally with an average of 1.57 cups per person per day. Coffee is deeply embedded in the daily routines of Canadians, with the average individual expected to drink around 35,000 cups of coffee over their lifetime. However, countries like Luxembourg, Finland, Sweden, and Norway boast even higher per capita coffee consumption, with people drinking more than five cups a day in some cases.
As coffee is one of the most traded commodities in the world, there is increasing interest in finding more sustainable ways to produce it, such as through lab-grown methods. Research on lab-grown coffee has been ongoing since the 1970s, but significant advancements in replicating the taste and aroma of traditionally farmed coffee have only been made recently. A study by the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland suggests that lab-grown coffee could eventually match the flavour profile of conventional coffee, and there’s optimism about the scalability of the technology.
The lab-grown coffee sector has attracted significant investments over the past two years. Atomo Coffee, for example, has raised millions to develop molecular coffee made from plant waste. Other startups are also raising tens of millions of dollars to create sustainable coffee alternatives that reduce water use, lower carbon emissions, and reduce the deforestation associated with traditional coffee farming.
However, until lab-grown coffee becomes mainstream, it is unlikely that consumers will see lower prices on their cup of coffee. For now, stocking up on coffee beans when prices dip may be the best strategy for coffee lovers to manage rising costs.
Dr. Sylvain Charlebois, a Canadian professor and researcher specializing in food distribution and policy, is a senior director of the Agri-Food Analytics Lab at Dalhousie University and co-host of The Food Professor Podcast. He is frequently cited in the media for his insights on food prices, agricultural trends, and the global food supply chain.
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