How tax loopholes and philanthropy efforts by the wealthy in Canada contribute to inequality

Perry Kinkaide

For interview requests, click here

Wealth inequality has always been a reality, and Canada is no exception. While the wealthiest Canadians contribute significantly through taxes and philanthropy, their efforts often fall short of addressing the underlying causes of inequality. In many cases, they offer temporary relief rather than lasting solutions to a problem that continues to grow.

Let’s take a look at taxes. In Canada, we have a progressive tax system, which means that higher-income earners pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes. In theory, this should reduce inequality by funding essential services such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure – services that are intended to support low- and middle-income Canadians. But the situation isn’t quite that straightforward.

Many of the wealthiest Canadians use tax loopholes to reduce the amount they actually pay. Investment income, capital gains, and other financial strategies often receive more favourable tax treatment than ordinary salaries. So, while it may seem like the wealthy are paying their fair share, the reality is that many of them can protect significant portions of their wealth. This only widens the gap between the wealthy and everyone else.
Recommended
Canada’s income and wealth gap is worse than ever
Food insecurity in Canada at a crisis stage
Rich Canadians walked away from the pandemic much, much richer

Beyond the issue of how much tax is paid, it’s also critical to consider how tax revenue is spent. Canada takes pride in its universal healthcare and public education systems, but access to these services can still be unequal, depending on where you live and your economic circumstances. When tax revenues are not allocated effectively, it doesn’t matter how much the wealthiest contribute – inequality will persist if those most in need aren’t benefiting.

Philanthropy is another way in which wealthy Canadians give back. Large donations are often directed toward healthcare, education, or community programs, and these contributions can have a noticeable impact, especially at the local level. It’s hard to argue against the value of a new hospital wing or scholarships that open doors for students who might otherwise not have the chance.

But philanthropy alone can’t solve the bigger, systemic issues. These donations tend to address symptoms rather than causes. For example, a multimillion-dollar gift might improve healthcare access in one community, but it doesn’t address why our healthcare system is stretched in the first place. And there’s a broader question to consider: Should a small group of wealthy individuals have so much power over which social problems get attention?

When the wealthy decide where their money goes, it raises concerns about accountability. While their contributions are often generous and well-meaning, they can lead to a situation where their priorities dictate public outcomes, potentially sidelining broader societal needs. In some cases, philanthropic efforts may even influence public policy in ways that ultimately benefit the donors more than the public.

Historically, societies where wealth becomes too concentrated in the hands of a few have experienced social unrest and economic instability. While Canada has long prided itself on being more equitable than some other nations, we are not immune to these pressures. The concentration of wealth at the top is growing, and it’s becoming harder for ordinary Canadians to get ahead.

In the 21st century, new forms of wealth generation – especially through technology and finance – are widening this gap. Many of Canada’s wealthiest individuals have built their fortunes in industries like real estate, technology, and financial services, where the rules often seem to favour those who already have capital.

As technology continues to evolve, it’s essential to ask what the future holds. Emerging sectors like artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and clean energy will likely create immense wealth for those who control them. The world’s first trillionaire could emerge in the next two decades. If the benefits of these technologies aren’t shared more equitably, inequality will only grow, which could have serious consequences for Canada.

So, what can be done? While the contributions of wealthy Canadians are important, they are not enough to address the deep-rooted issues that drive inequality. Canada needs policies that ensure all citizens have access to quality education, healthcare, and economic opportunities. This also means taking a closer look at tax policies to ensure fairness – closing loopholes that allow the wealthiest to pay less than their share.

As new industries emerge, Canada must actively ensure that the wealth it generates is shared broadly. This could involve investing in retraining programs, providing better access to capital for entrepreneurs, or increasing public investment in innovation. If we don’t take these steps, the wealth gap will continue to widen, with far-reaching effects on our economy and society.

Ultimately, the wealthiest Canadians play a crucial role through taxes and philanthropy, but these efforts alone won’t close the gap. What’s needed are systemic changes that address the root causes of inequality. If we don’t act now, the disparities between the wealthy and everyone else will continue to grow, posing serious risks to the future of Canada’s economic and social fabric.

Dr. Perry Kinkaide is a visionary leader and change agent. Since retiring in 2001, he has served as an advisor and director for various organizations and founded the Alberta Council of Technologies Society in 2005. Previously, he held leadership roles at KPMG Consulting and the Alberta Government. He holds a BA from Colgate University and an MSc and PhD in Brain Research from the University of Alberta.

Explore more on Inequality, Cost of living, Taxes

The views, opinions, and positions expressed by our columnists and contributors are solely their own and do not necessarily reflect those of our publication.

© Troy Media
Troy Media is committed to empowering Canadian community news outlets by providing independent, insightful analysis and commentary. Our mission is to support local media in building an informed and engaged public by delivering reliable content that strengthens community connections, enriches national conversations, and helps Canadians learn from and understand each other better.